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41 00 N, 64 00 E
Regional Information

Central Asia, north of Afghanistan

Capital City

Tashkent (Toshkent)
Regional Relationships

Prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas.
Environmental: Goals/Challenges/Agreements

Challenges

Shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT

International Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Humanitarian Projects
Native Languages

Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Climate

Mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east