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33 00 N, 65 00 E
Regional Information

Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran

Capital City

Kabul
Regional Relationships

Pakistan, with UN and other international assistance, repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees with less than a million still remaining, many at their own choosing; Pakistan has proposed and Afghanistan protests construction of a fence and laying of mines along portions of their border; Coalition and Pakistani forces continue to monitor remote tribal areas to control the border with Afghanistan and stem terrorist and other illegal activities
Environmental: Goals/Challenges/Agreements

Challenges

limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation;overgrazing;deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials);desertification; air and water pollution

International Agreements

party to:Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Humanitarian Projects
Native Languages

Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashtu (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Climate

arid to semi-arid; cold winters and hot summers